Soils of India, Alluvial Soil, Black Soil, Red Soil, Laterite Soil, Desert Soil, Mountain Soil
Table of
Content - Soils of India, Indian Soil, Alluvial Soil, Black Soil, Red Soil,
Laterite Soil, Type of Soils, Type of Soil in India, Desert Soil, Mountain
Soil, Grass and Brown Soil, Snow Areas
Soils are
the property of the Indian farmer. On this, the entire agricultural production
of the country depends.
The study of
soil is called Pedology. Pedogenesis
is a complex and continuous process.
Soil
Classification/Types of soils in India - The Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR) in 1986 identified 8 major soils in the country.
Indian Soils and their Area
|
|
Types of soil
|
Area (%)
|
Alluvial soil
|
43.40
|
Black soil
|
15.20
|
Red soil
|
18.60
|
Laterite soil
|
3.70
|
Desert soil
|
4.00
|
Mountain soil
|
5.50
|
Brown and brown soil
|
------
|
Snowfield
|
1.20
|
# 01. Alluvial Soil - Alluvial soils are found in the vast plains, Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery valleys, and coastal parts of Kerala.
These soils
are made from materials not contaminated by rivers. The floodplain coop is
locally called Khadar, and the old tremor which is unaffected by erosion is
called Bangar.
It is found
in an abundance of potash and calcium and deficiency of nitrogen and humus.
This soil is
good for the cultivation of paddy, wheat, oilseeds, sugarcane, pulses, etc.
# 02. Black Soil - Black soil has developed from weathering of Deccan lava in Maharashtra, Western Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, & Tamil Nadu.
These are
locally known as Regur or Black Cotton Soil and Internationally known as
Tropical Charanojam.
These soils
are rich in iron, calcium, potash, aluminum, and magnesium carbonate, but they
lack nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter.
This soil
has high moisture retention capacity, which becomes sticky when wet and cracks
occur on drying. A. They have high fertility.
This soil is
suitable for the cultivation of cotton, tur, tobacco, coarse grains, linseed,
etc.
# 03. Red
Soil - This soil is found in extensive areas of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Jharkhand.
It is made
of fission and decomposition of granite and fine rocks.
It's red
color is due to the presence of iron oxide (Fe2O3).
This soil is
rich in iron, aluminum, but lack of bacterial substance, nitrogen, and
phosphorus.
These are
highly leached soils. It is
suitable for food crops like millet.
# 04.
Laterite Soil - This soil in India is called Meghalaya Plateau, and It is found in areas of the Eastern Ghats
& Western Ghats.
They have a
brick-like appearance when soaked they become soft and hard on drying.
These soils
are rich in iron and aluminum but they deficiency nitrogen, potash, potassium,
lime, and organic matter.
Their
fertility is low, but with the use of fertilizer, cashew, etc. crops can be
grown in them.
# 05.
Mountain Soil - It is mainly found on the Himalayas, Western Ghats, Eastern
Ghats, other mountain ranges of peninsular India.
It is found
in excess of bacteria and deficiency of potash, phosphorus, and lime. This soil
is suitable for the production of tea, coffee, spices, and fruits.
# 06. Desert Soil - Desert Soil is found in Rajasthan, Saurashtra, Kutch, Haryana, and South Punjab.
These are
gravel-rich soils that deficiency of nitrogen and organic matter and have
varying amounts of calcium carbonate. only millet, millet, jowar, and coarse grains are grown.
# 07. Peaty and Marshy Soil - This soil is found in areas submerged during the rainy season.
These soils
are black, heavy, and highly acidic and are suitable for paddy cultivation.
These soils are found in Kerala.
# 08. Saline
and Alkaline Soil - These soils are found in the dry parts of Punjab, Haryana,
Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra.
They are
known by local names like Reh, Kallar, Osar, Rathad, Thur, Chopan, etc. These crops
include rice, wheat, cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, etc.
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